Preface
Summary
Introduction
Methodology
The situation in 2015
Trends 1995-2015
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
and references
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Additional graphs
ESPAD Report 2015
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Figure 01a. Cigarette use during the past 30 days. 2015. Percentages. (Table 3)
Figure 01b. Cigarette use during the past 30 days by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 3)
Figure 02a. Daily cigarette use during the past 30 days. 2015. Percentages. (Table 4)
Figure 02b. Daily cigarette use during the past 30 days by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 4)
Figure 03a. Alcohol use during the past 30 days. 2015. Percentages. (Table 9)
Figure 03b. Alcohol use during the past 30 days by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 9)
Figure 04a. Estimated average alcohol consumption on the last alcohol drinking day (among last day consumers). 2015. Centilitres of 100 % alcohol. (Table 17)
Figure 04b. Estimated average alcohol consumption on the last alcohol drinking day (among last day consumers), by gender. 2015. Centilitres of 100 % alcohol. (Table 17)
Figure 05a. Estimated average alcohol consumption on the last alcohol drinking day (among all students). 2015. Centilitres of 100 % alcohol. (Table 18)
Figure 05b. Estimated average alcohol consumption on the last alcohol drinking day (among all students), by gender. 2015. Centilitres of 100 % alcohol. (Table 18)
Figure 06a. Dominant beverage on the last alcohol drinking day. Proportion of total volume (in 100 % alcohol). 2015. (Table 17)
Figure 06b. Dominant beverage on the last alcohol drinking day by gender. Proportion of total volume (in 100 % alcohol). 2015. (Table 17)
Figure 07a. Having had five or more drinks on one occasion during the past 30 days. Percentages. (Table 20)
Figure 07b. Having had five or more drinks a on one occasion during the past 30 days by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 20)
Figure 08. Proportion of students having experienced any of the following while under the influence of alcohol during the last 12 months. All countries average, by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 25)
Figure 09a. Proportion of students reporting having experienced at least one problem while under the influence of alcohol during the last 12 months. 2015. Percentages. (Table 25)
Figure 09b. Having experienced a problem while under the influence of alcohol during the last 12 months, by gender. 2015. (Table 25)
Figure 10a. Perceived availability of cannabis. Students responding marijuana or hashish ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2015. Percentages. (Table 28)
Figure 10b. Perceived availability of cannabis. Students responding marijuana or hashish ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain, by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 28)
Figure 11a. Lifetime use of illicit drugs 2015. Percentages. (Table 29)
Figure 11b. Lifetime use of illicit drugs by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 29)
Figure 12a. Lifetime use of marijuana or hashish. 2015. Percentages. (Table 30)
Figure 12b. Lifetime use of marijuana or hashish by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 30)
Figure 13a. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than marijuana or hashish. All students. 2015. Percentages. (Table 34)
Figure 13b. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than marijuana or hashish by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 34)
Figure 14a. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without prescription. 2015. Percentages. (Table 36)
Figure 14b. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without prescription by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 36)
Figure 15a. Lifetime use of inhalants. 2015. Percentages. (Table 37)
Figure 15b. Lifetime use of inhalants by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 37)
Figure 16. Having tried various substances at the age of 13 or younger. All countries average, by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Tables 5, 24 and 41)
Figure 17a. Lifetime use of new psychoactive substances (NPS). 2015. Percentages. (Table 39)
Figure 17b. Lifetime use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 39)
Figure 18. Lifetime abstinence from various substances. All countries average, by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 42)
Figure 19a. Money gambling past 12 months. 2015. Percentages. (Table 46)
Figure 19b. Money gambling past 12 months by gender. 2015. Percentages. (Table 46)
Figure 20a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in cigarette use during the past 30 days. Percentages. (Table 49)
Figure 20b. Cigarette use during the past 30 days by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 49)
Figure 21a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in use of any alcoholic beverage during the past 30 days. Percentages. (Table 55)
Figure 21b. Use of any alcoholic beverage during the past 30 days by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 55)
Figure 22a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in the proportion reporting having had five or more drinks a on one occasion during the past 30 days. Percentages. (Table 60)
Figure 22b. Proportion reporting having had five or more drinks a on one occasion during the past 30 days by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 60)
Figure 23a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in lifetime use of marijuana or hashish. Percentages. (Table 64)
Figure 23b. Lifetime use of marijuana or hashish by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 64)
Figure 24a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in lifetime use of illicit drugs other than marijuana or hashish. Percentages. (Table 68)
Figure 24b. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than marijuana or hashish by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 68)
Figure 25a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription. Percentages. (Table 70)
Figure 25b. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 70)
Figure 26a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in lifetime use of inhalants. Percentages. (Table 72)
Figure 26b. Lifetime use of inhalants by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 72)
Figure 27a. Changes between 2011 and 2015 in lifetime abstinence from tobacco, alcohol, inhalants, tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription and illicit drugs. Percentages. (Table 73)
Figure 27b. Lifetime abstinence from tobacco, alcohol, inhalants, tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription and illicit drugs by country. 1995-2015. Percentages. (Table 73)
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Chapters
Home
Preface
List of authors
Summary
Introduction
Introduction
Background to ESPAD
ESPAD Report 2015
Methodology
ESPAD 2015
Trend analyses
Reporting
The situation in 2015
Overview
Availability of substances
Early onset of substance use
Cigarette use
Alcohol use
Illicit drug use
Inhalant use
New psychoactive substance use
Pharmaceutical use
Conditional probabilities of substance use
Patterns of current use
Internet use, gaming and gambling
Trends 1995-2015
Overview
Trends across 25 countries
Country-specific trends
Discussion and conclusion
Overview
Alcohol use
Cigarette use
Illicit drug use
Internet use, gaming and gambling
Limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgements and References
Detailed methodology
Master questionnaire
Additional graphs
Additional tables
Country summaries